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                  <text>In 2009, BBRM staff and volunteers began the archiving of this collection, with the arranging of objects chronologically (1935 – 1995) and the purchasing of proper archival storage materials. In 2011, an oral finding aid with provenance was constructed by conversations between University of Alabama School of Library and Information Studies (UA SLIS) volunteer Lindsey Reynolds (now at University of Georgia, Athens Library) and BBRM Director Bob Friedman. In 2013 and 2014, those interviews were transcribed by UA SLIS volunteer Michael Mitchell (known affectionately as the MMT).  For each object, the original finding aid conversation has been added and can be found in quotes in the description section. As of the most recent online uploading in August, 2019, the Ephemera Collection consisted of eight boxes containing 413 folders with approximately 850 files, spanning the period 1935-1989.</text>
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                <text>Box 7 Folder 37: "We now move to folder 37. Folder 37's photo is a group of people at a bowling alley. And Kirkwood Balton is at the far right and they’re wearing WENN T-shirts. However, the positive is horizontally reversed.  A magnifying glass helped show that WENN was spelled backwards. It was corrected in digitization and subsequent printing. We don't know which bowling alley either. We approximate that from the late ‘70s.  Donated by photographer Lucious Washington."</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;A collection of sound files, transcribed oral interviews, and images documenting Black radio in Birmingham, Alabama. Please click the link below.&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>and numerous student volunteers</text>
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              <text>Transcript from audio snippet:&#13;
&#13;
Brian Ward: There was more of a subdued battle for civil rights. That’s not to say there wasn’t a great need for mobilization in cities like Charlotte, but there were very few major confrontations or conflagrations there in the 60s, not until you get really into the bussing crisis of the early 1970s. I wondered if radio in those places, actually had sort of a mollifying effect that actually kept things cooler. I found two very interesting stations: one, WBT, which was a major 50,000 watt station, that was heavily white-oriented but always included a certain amount of black-oriented programming; and another station, WGIV, which I sort of fell in love with, really, I thought this was a terrific station. I went by a white southerner from South Carolina called Francis Fitzgerald, who somewhere along the way line ahead of the game on the civil rights issues and began to encourage more and more overt promotion of voter registration drives, he was somewhat more willing to entertain the idea of black protests on the streets if the city government didn’t actually comply with desegregation ordinances and laws. But, you know, this guy was in a way a sort of a model of a progressive white southerner working with an overwhelmingly black staff, with DJs like “Chattie Hattie” Leeper and “Genial Gene” Potts to actually try to use the radio to encourage what was in a way a sort of nonviolent movement, and really had a good deal of success in achieving desegregation in Charlotte, in a relatively orderly manner. &#13;
&#13;
Bob Friedman: Were there connections do you find in your book or your research rather, connections that were made between these various disc jockeys and announcers from various cities…did Tall Paul have conversations with Nat Williams? Was there a web that was developing?</text>
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              <text>Full interview: 37 minutes&#13;
Audio snippet: 2 minutes</text>
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                <text>Interviewed on the air at WJLD. Author, “Radio and the Struggle for Civil Rights in the South” (University Press of Florida, 2004). </text>
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                <text>Broadcast Bureau's Opposition to Motion for Summary Decision, FCC</text>
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                <text>Box 6 Folder 35: "This is folder 35 which contain requests to the FCC from Johnston requesting summary judgment against McKinney and Hertz broadcasting.  That request is hereby denied and set for trial in December, 1974. Hertz Broadcasting,  you will recall, took over when the McClendon family sold the interests of their radio stations to Hertz.  And the FCC is also listening at this time to the request regarding the renewal of the license for Johnston Broadcasting Company WJLD, and WJLD, WJLN-FM, and these are from 1974 and one can read… one can read the discussion. This does refer to the complaint referenced in Beverly Brazier’s statement as well because Reverend Robert McKinney is making a statement protesting and he was the plaintiff and his statement is in the folder. He was the person mentioned in Mrs. Brazier’s statement. Hard knocks with the FCC for WJLD.   Found in WJLD files."</text>
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                  <text>In 2009, BBRM staff and volunteers began the archiving of this collection, with the arranging of objects chronologically (1935 – 1995) and the purchasing of proper archival storage materials. In 2011, an oral finding aid with provenance was constructed by conversations between University of Alabama School of Library and Information Studies (UA SLIS) volunteer Lindsey Reynolds (now at University of Georgia, Athens Library) and BBRM Director Bob Friedman. In 2013 and 2014, those interviews were transcribed by UA SLIS volunteer Michael Mitchell (known affectionately as the MMT).  For each object, the original finding aid conversation has been added and can be found in quotes in the description section. As of the most recent online uploading in August, 2019, the Ephemera Collection consisted of eight boxes containing 413 folders with approximately 850 files, spanning the period 1935-1989.</text>
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                <text>Box 4 Folder 25: "Folder 25 from 1964 is a broadcast map showing the relative reaches of WSGN, WBRC, and WAPI with, when you flip it over, obviously promoting WSGN as having the broadest listenership. It’s a promo piece for WSGN and it’s just a nice reflection of another great radio station in the Birmingham market. We approximate that to be 1964 since it boasts 30 years on the air and WSGN began in 1934.  Could have been found at Ben Franklin’s."</text>
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                <text>Box 4 Folder 11: "From the Birmingham Library Archives, the WATV 900 AM broadcast tower, located on the dirigible mooring on  the roof of the Thomas Jefferson Hotel, located at 2nd Avenue North and 17th Street.  The frequency 900 AM was previously held by WKAX in 1946 and later WLBS until 1958, both in Birmingham. New management entered in 1958 under the call letters WATV in 1958, but thanks to the 1961-62 Broadcast yearbook, we know that they did not move their offices to the Jefferson Hotel until 1961, so we are concluding that is when they utilized the dirigible mooring as their tower. It does seem from all accounts that the mooring was never utilized."</text>
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                <text>Box 8 Folder 14: "This is folder 14 and what it is is a booklet, a foil covered booklet that is describing various people in broadcasting. They’re describing Tom York, who was a WBRC TV broadcaster, they’re describing Shelley Stewart, who was a radio broadcaster on WATV, and then it contains a number of ads. It’s unclear whether this is the entirety, no, excuse me, of course it’s not. Apparently it had 42 pages but this is just an 8 page piece. But I guess it’s in here because Shelley Stewart’s interview is in here. Once you’ve had multiple interviews with an individual it’s always nice to see how they recall history.  Source uncertain. From 1982, calculated because York started his career in 1957 and this came out commemorating his 25th year at WBRC TV."</text>
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                <text>Box 3 Folder 23: "Up to folder 23. There’s Bruce Payne, having a good time at WBCO. He’s holding a 45 of course but in those days it looks like they might have taped something on the label which is a nightmare for record collectors.  Donated by mail from Bruce Payne around the time of his interview with the BBRM. He was living in Jackson, MS at the time.  He was in the army for 1954-55 or part thereof so this may have been taken in 1953 , 54 or 55 upon his return. My guess because of the 45 rpm records, 1955."</text>
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                <text>Box 2 Folder 37: "Moving right along to number 37. Folder 37 is something that Bruce Payne sent us, which was a…July 15, 1952 release reflecting on Bruce Payne Jr. observing his first WBCO anniversary with a celebration in June of 1952.. And it just talks about everything that went on. They had a beauty contest. It says Bopper Payne, I guess that was one of his nicknames, began broadcasting from WBCO in June 1951 after coming to Alabama from his hometown of Vicksburg where his previous radio experience saw him with several programs over Vicksburg’s WVIM. So more about Bruce who hopefully is still with us somewhere in Mississippi.  As of this edit (1-11-13) we know he has passed). His story is in the BBRM Oral History collection."</text>
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                    <text>Black and white image of Bruce Payne, seated. Subject is in a radio broadcasting station, holding a vinyl disc in his right proper hand. Subject's left proper hand is raised, and he is turned toward the camera, his mouth open as if to speak.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;A collection of sound files, transcribed oral interviews, and images documenting Black radio in Birmingham, Alabama. Please click the link below.&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>and numerous student volunteers</text>
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              <text>Bob Friedman: What do you remember of Bob Umbach?  &#13;
Bruce Payne: He was White, of course, and he was a very popular Rhythm and Blues jock.&#13;
BF: Mm-hm.&#13;
BP: He was and I would imagine, in fact, I haven’t heard that name in years… Seems like Bob Umbach was the top Rhythm and Blues or what we call oldies now…&#13;
BF: Mm-hm&#13;
BP: …DJ, before the Black stations really evolved…  &#13;
BF: That’s right!&#13;
BP:  …into their own thing. you know what I mean?&#13;
BF: The Atomic Boogie Hour&#13;
BP: Bob Umbach. That was the station where the Black people got their music. &#13;
BF: Right.&#13;
BP: Blues and rhythm and this kind of thing. &#13;
BF: He’s passed &#13;
BP: He was on JLD too wasn’t he? &#13;
BF: Yeah, that’s where he was. That’s where he was until he left town.&#13;
BP: I remember hearing him. But like I said, when I got there he was already on the air. He was a personality.&#13;
BF: Right.&#13;
BP: But the Black stations started evolving and the people started swinging towards the Black stations and Black DJs&#13;
BF: What do you remember of Walter Anglin? Did you know Walter? &#13;
BP: Yeah.&#13;
BF: Was he ever at BCO?&#13;
BP: I don’t recall him being at B… When I met him, he was at JLD.&#13;
BF: He was at EDR.&#13;
BP: No, EDR. He eventually wound up at JLD. &#13;
BF: Right.&#13;
BP: In fact, Walter Anglin was one of the originals at EDR. &#13;
BF: That’s right.&#13;
BP: Along with Eddie Castleberry, I believe&#13;
BF: Right. &#13;
BP: He was a little guy. Another thing I remember about him, I went to school with his son at Miles College. Walter Anglin, Jr. &#13;
BF: Uh-huh.&#13;
BP: I knew him almost as well as his father, because we had classes together at Miles.&#13;
BF: Uh-huh. Right. It’s interesting to speak to people who are way up in their 70s and talk about Walter as being their high school teacher. [laughter]&#13;
BP: He was a teacher too, in addition to radio work. &#13;
BF: Right. He taught music and…&#13;
BP: Who we talking about. We talking about some years back. Cause  I’ve been back in Jackson for thirty years. &#13;
BF: Right. </text>
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Audio snippet: 2 minutes</text>
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                <text>Box 4 Folder 10: "Folder number 10, folder number 10 is a description of… this would be a description of the lot that WENN AM was at. The building was completed and occupied in January of 1961; this is a document from the… well the document goes back to 1960 because at that point the land was vacant, but the building was completed in 1961. This was originally at the tax assessor’s office, eventually ending up at the Birmingham library archives. Also in Folder 10 are two pictures taken on October 11, 1961 of WENN 1320 on the corner of 15th Street North and 5th Avenue North. Beautiful, beautiful picture. Now,  that building, no longer extant, is part of Jim Burke’s parking lot. Originally called the Afton Lee building. Lee was an African American real estate owner based out of Homewood, actually Rosedale. That picture was received from the archives at the library from the collection from the tax assessor’s office that was transferred to the archives.  In the folder there is one 8x10 and two 3x5s. We scanned the 3x5 for the archive."</text>
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